Setting and Achieving Goals

Your Goals

You’ve probably been forced to set goals at some time, whether in school or elsewhere. Setting goals is a tricky business, though, because you have to set them for yourself--not your teachers, your parents or your peers. Ask yourself what you want to achieve. Use these desires to set your goals.

The goals that will help you improve your studying should possess the following characteristics:

Goals Should Be...	Good Example	Bad Example
Specific	"I will earn an A in biology class first semester.”	“I will try as hard as I can in biology from now on.”
Realistic	"I will improve my GPA from a 2.8 to a 3.0 this semester."	“I will improve my GPA from a 2.8 to a 3.9 this semester.”

A+ Starts With Attitude

Learn How You Learn

In studying, as in the rest of your life, a positive attitude will help you just as much as a negative attitude will hurt you. By improving your attitude, you may give yourself the jumpstart you need to get down to business with your studying. One way to create a better outlook on studying is to understand your preferred method of studying. To do a little self-analyzing, check out this evaluation that will help you identify your personal learning style:

Learning Style Survey

Knowing whether you are a visual, auditory, verbal or kinesthetic learner will help you understand what studying tactics are best for you. It will also help you understand why, quite possibly, reading a textbook alone in your room for five hours straight did not result in a stellar grade.

Test-Taking Tips

Down the Home Stretch

You’ve spent the last 18 weeks preparing for the performance that is worth – in some cases – up to 50% of your grade or more. However, if you’ve followed the steps and suggestions in this guide, then your preparation should have put you in a strong position to “nail it.” Here are a few tips for the home stretch:

1. Get a good night's sleep and eat a healthy breakfast.
2. Keep a positive attitude and don’t panic if you stumble early.
3. Take a watch with you to gauge your time.
4. Read over the entire test before starting.
5. Don’t rush but don’t get stuck on a small part of the test to get the perfect answer.
6. Skip a problem if it’s taking too much time, mark it and come back to it later.
7. If you get extremely nervous, remind yourself that, in the big scheme of things, it’s just a test.
8. If you have time, read over your answers when you’re done.

Tests: Long-Term Memory

The Long Haul Memory Test

Are you able to remember a small amount of information, but your mind goes blank when the test contains more than 10 questions? When studying for tests, you have to use a different part of your brain than when studying for quizzes because you have to remember more information and remember it longer. Try these suggestions for improving your scores on longer tests:

The Journey: A Memorization Technique

Quizzes: Short-Term Memory

I Forget. Short-Term Who?

Whether you suspect your teacher of throwing a pop quiz, or if you have weekly quizzes over small amounts of freshly taught material, you’d better have better-than-average memorizing skills to perform well. Notice that we didn’t say “memory” skills, but “memorizing” skills – that is, the ability to learn the information is as important as the ability to retain it.

Reviewing material immediately after class is essential to quick memorizing:

Class Time is Priceless

If you’re in college or private school, then you’re probable paying good money for an expert instructor to teach you about a subject – so technically, class is not priceless--just pricey. In any case, class is like a presentation for you, revealing everything you need to know for the test. So make sure you prepare for class, pay attention during class, and review after class. The most important thing you can do to improve your success in school immediately is to start attending class prepared. Here's what that means:

• Pre-class. To better understand the information presented in class, read the material required for lecture beforehand. You will be able to follow along better, ask better questions, and

Plan, Plan, Plan

Plan Ahead

Smart studying doesn't begin when you get your first assignment. Planning and organizing should occur before your first day of classes. This will allow you to feel prepared and excited to study – as you should be. Here are a few tips to help you plan:

• 
  
  
  Get a calendar. Calendars are crucial for planning. There are many different kinds, so decide whether you prefer the large monthly kind that you tack to your wall, the weekly notebook kind that you can carry around with you, or the digital kind that you have on your computer or palm pilot. If you would like to print out your own schedule, then check out this pre-made calendar. In the end, it doesn’t really matter what calendar type you choose; just make sure that you will use it. Fill your calendar with your commitments – classes, job hours, club hours, even a favorite T.V. show if you want. You will quickly see how fast your time is scheduled – no wonder you couldn’t fit 27 hours worth of activities into your previous schedule. For more help with time management, check out: Learner's Day Planner.

Study Skills Overview

Some people claim their success comes naturally. Those people are probably liars-- they just don’t want to sound like nerds!! Maybe some of them are Einstein-esque--but even Einstein studied. The real cause people’s success in school is simple: they study and study well! 

The Trusty Guide to Study Skills will teach you the strategies that work. It is packed with the best, most reliable research on how to succeed in and outside the classroom. In this guide, we will cover:

• How to improve your study skills by focusing on your style: your attitude, your learning style and finding what motivates you.
• Tips on how to permanently improve your study skills.
• The best approaches for different quizzes and tests.

Mental Health Education

Mental health continuing education classes and courses are ideal for students, psychiatrists, social workers, psychologists, counselors, and mental health professionals. Continuing education allows mental health professionals to stay current with the knowledge and practices in their field of study. If you just got out of college, the last thing you want to think about is more education. However, continuing education is not only a great idea, it's necessary in many fields. If you never went to college, there are probably many fields that you want to explore or subjects that you wish you had studied in school. In either case, there's no need to worry because the Internet is here! Educational opportunities abound online and resources are available for everyone.

Psychological Foundations of Learning

What is teaching?

Teaching encompasses imparting knowledge. It is an integral process of learning that can only be understood in realm of learning. Learning is a relative term that may prove difficult to define. Many people define learning in terms of gaining academic knowledge but in actual sense, learning means more than acquiring academic knowledge (Dictionary.com). Learning is a life long process that starts at infancy and continues to the end of life. Every day in life we learn new things that changes our way of doing things and the way we perceive things. According to Hostetler (2005) learning is a process that is geared towards common good. Learning should not be perceived in term of academic excellence but in terms of how it prepares a person to become useful in the society. Hostetler (2003) acknowledges that the goal of public education is to make sure the society is made up of uprights individuals who can co-exist with other members of the society. He creates a connection between public education, social capital and governance of the society.

Question: What Is Psychology

Question: What Is Psychology?

One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is "What is psychology?" Misconceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have contributed this confusion.

Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
Answer:
Early Psychology

The discovery is important in the History of Astronomy Part 4

Heliocentric model
Discovery
Astronomers have speculated about the heliocentric (the idea that the earth revolves around the sun, not vice versa) since ancient times, but in 1543 Copernicus was the first to really show the math behind about it, to prove that it is the right concept.

How Important it is?
It took a while to for the concept universal.dan Copernicus finally accepted that formed the basis of a scientific revolution.
This eliminated many problems caused by the old geocentric model (it is difficult to make accurate calculations if you think the Earth is not moving), so that the first major changes in the fields of astronomy since the people realize the sun is a star and not an angry God.
Also, inventions that make us feel foolish to think we are the center of the universe. Thank you very much, Copernicus.

The discovery is important in the History of Astronomy Part 3

Moon in Jupiter
Discovery
Galileo, we can say as a scientist, who uses fancy telescope he discovered four moons orbiting the planet Jupiter in 1610.
They were the resource the first moons of another planet to be spotted, making Them a landmark discovery. They are the first months of the other planets to be seen, making them as discoveries.

How important is this?
Remember when we said it took a while heliocentric to be accepted?
Galileo's discovery is the most important part of the evidence presented in support of Copernicus's theories in the months to offer irrefutable evidence of other celestial bodies orbiting the Earth.
They also proved that there are other planets besides Earth that has a moon, and in this case make clear that we are not special.

The discovery is important in the History of Astronomy Part 3

Relativity Theory
Discovery
Albert Einstein, a German scientist, proposed the theory of relativity in 1915. Summed up, the theory states mass cans That warp both space and time, the which allows large Masses to bend light like stars.
Concluded, stating the theory that mass can affect space and time, which allows large masses like stars to bend light.

How This Important?
To understand the true meaning of relativity you will need to listen to someone who has more knowledge of the physics of few people who write the list to the Internet.
simple as possible, the theory of relativity replaced Newtonian mechanics, which has been the foundation of astronomy during the previous 200 years.

The discovery is important in the History of Astronomy Part 1

Planets extrasolar (exoplanet)
Discovery
An extrasolar planet is one that is outside our solar system, and astronomers believe in their existence for a very long time.
it's true - really visible until adequate tools available, in 1995 when Swiss astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz discovered a planet in the constellation Pegasus they called 51 Pegasi b.

How Important it is?
Not only that major Queloz and finally prove that extrasolar planets out there, but the methods they have used repeatedly to find more planets.
Nearly 500 extrasolar planets now known to exist, and it is only the beginning (now astronomers could only see the points of). Perhaps over time as more planets are discovered, one day we will find alien planet inhabited by a generous and sexy

The discovery is important in the History of Astronomy Part 2

Radio Astronomy
Discovery
Remember when radio was first graced the world of entertainment? Of course not, because you are not 80 years old. But in the world of radio astronomy is still important today, thanks to a discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931.
His experiments with radio waves to make him find the signal coming from the galactic center, and he is considered a founding father of radio astronomy world.

How important is this?
The scientists, who followed the discovery of Jansky discovered that there are all kinds of radio waves coming at us from outer space, and the source of most of them are celestial objects that can not be seen with other methods.

How to Incorporate Motivation Theories in the Workplace

Motivation theories are abundant, but putting them into practice can be extremely challenging. In large companies, it's difficult to maintain consistency across multiple locations and in multiple departments. Often, motivational techniques tend to leave out some departments that can't participate as actively in activities as others. The best way to successfully incorporate motivation theories in the workplace is to centralize as much as possible, and conduct thorough training with your management staff to improve consistency.

Instructions

How to Incorporate Motivation Theories in the Workplace 

Four Main Theories of Motivation

Motivation is the reason why human beings complete tasks. Motivation is a difficult quality to define as people seem to have many different reasons for doing the things they do. For hundreds of years, scientists have offered many theories from different perspectives (scientific, psychological, physiological, anthropological and sociological) to offer explanations for where motivation comes for and how to increase it. Motivation theory can be especially useful in a workplace setting.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that human beings are motivated to do things in a specific order required for survival. According to this theory, human beings cannot fulfill their needs in a higher category if they are not fulfilled in the lower categories first. The needs, in order, are: physiological, safety, love and affection, esteem and self-actualization (achievement of personal goals).

Human Relations Movement & Motivation Theories

The human relations movement and motivation theories deal with how people are persuaded to do things they might not otherwise do. The application is generally in the field of occupational studies or human resources, in dealing with how to motivate workers. Motivation theory deals in-depth with processes that explain how human behavior is activated, and why. Motivation theory is considered a crucial area of focus in the field of organizational behavioral.

History
The human relations movement is considered to have had its start with Elton Mayo, whose 20-year study of workers at a Western Electric Plant in Cicero, Illinois beginning in 1927 yielded a significant theory called the Hawthorne Effect. This theory is used today in nearly every field of study. Motivation theory history includes many theories, but none more influential than Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which he began working on in 1951.

Learning Motivational Theories

Learning motivational theories are based on the educational psychology stance that motivation is a condition based on an individual's needs, desires and wants. Two learning motivational theories, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and the ARCS Model of Motivational Design, outline ascending levels and steps that educators can take to improve learning in individuals by zeroing in on some key universal motivating factors.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, developed by Abraham H. Maslow, is represented as a 5-level need pyramid, with each level building upon the next until an individual reaches a platform to function at one's highest level. The first level is physiological, which includes such basic needs as sufficient food, air and sleep. The second level is safety, which includes employment, health and

Theories & Principles of Motivation

Motivation theories and principles are commonly used by managers to better understand employee motivation. However, anyone can apply these theories and principles in her daily life, in areas such as goal setting, personal motivation, and motivation for school and for studies. Of the many theories that exist, five have become the most popular.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is possibly the most well-known motivational theory. It states that people have five basic needs: physiological needs, safety needs, needs of affection, needs of esteem, and needs of self-actualization. The five needs are represented in a pyramid diagram, where the more important needs (physiological and safety) are the "lower-level" needs, and the rest are the "higher-level" needs. The theory explains that when one level of needs is met, the need of the higher level will take over.

What are the Modern Theories of Motivation?

What motivates humans to behave in certain ways has been an area of study for scholars for many centuries. As of 2011, there are six main theories of motivation. These modern theories take into account past theories presented by theorists such as Abraham Maslow. Motivation theories have been utilized to understand human behavior in work settings, educational endeavors and interpersonal relationships.

ERG Theory
Clayton Paul Alderfer, an American psychologist, proposed his ERG (Existence, Relatedness and Growth needs) Theory as redefining Maslow's need hierarchy motivational theory based on new empirical research. Alderfer's theory puts Maslow's need hierarchy into three short needs categories.

Classroom Motivation Techniques

There is nothing more discouraging to a teacher who has spent hours preparing a lesson than to feel like none of the students even care. With a little focus on motivation, teachers can actively involve students in the learning process.

Instructions

Praise students often. Don't wait until a student has accomplished something major to give him a pat on the back. Always couple constructive criticism with a praise. You must realize that no matter how nice you make it sound criticism is criticism and many students view it as negative. Don't deliver correction for something done wrong without praising your student for something he has done right.
Make learning a collaborative effort. Allow students to work on a project with a partner or a team. As long as students are closely monitored and realize that the teacher is walking around the room, they will usually stay on task. There is strength in numbers, and students sometimes have more confidence in themselves when working with a partner.

Theories of Motivation in Education

Motivation is a force used within the educational system to encourage student learning and understanding. In the educational setting, motivation is either an internal force or external force. There are different theories of motivation in the educational setting, including those that state that student behavior is dictated due to either external or internal factors. This discussion concerns the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and their effect on student learning and success within an educational setting.

Theories/Speculation
Motivation is affected greatly by the locus of control. The idea that a person feels their own decisions and actions determine their destiny indicates an internal locus.

100 Tips Management Waktu

1. Ingatlah, semua orang akan mati.
2. Utamakan ibadah-ibadah fardlu sebelum tugas yang lain.
3. Ingatlah bahwa waktu hanya 24 setiap hari, dan tidak bisa ditambah.
4. Sebenarnya, kewajiban Anda lebih banyak dibandingkan waktu Anda. Putuskan waktu Anda untuk melakukan yang terbaik.
5. Tidak selamanya “diam itu emas”. Jika bicara lebih baik, maka bicaralah. Jika bertindak lebih baik, maka bertindaklah.
6. Nilailah waktu Anda.
7. Perlakukan waktu sebagai sumber daya yang harus dikelola.
8. Mengukur waktu Anda.